Post Enron Era - 4022 Words

Post-Enron Era By: Brenda Palmer Management 320 Week 8 The post-Enron era has brought on many new changes in the way businesses are to conduct business and to keep in line with the laws and not to fall into the Enron mistakes and mistrust. Before Enron, many people including employees, stakeholders, shareholders, board of directors and people in the communities had high trust in corporations and didn’t for see any corruption. Either it was blatant what ethical issues and laws were being misused and/or broken or they were good at keeping a low profile of deception. Millions and billions of money has been lost and stolen from the†¦show more content†¦These include questions of accounting for stock options and financial derivatives contracts, the possibility of replacing our current rules-based accounting system with a principles-based system, and oversight of the implementation of the accounting reforms mandated by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.†[viii] â€Å"Congress’s intent in passing Sarbanes-Oxley was to restore confidence in financial markets by increasing corporate accountability, enhancing public disclosures of financial information, and strengthening corporate governance. More severe criminal penalties for securities fraud were also enacted. The most difficult phase of implementation has been launching of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, created by Sarbanes-Oxley. The PCAOB’s mission is to regulate the auditors of publicly traded companies and to ensure that corporate financial statements are subject to tough, outside scrutiny and that the auditor-client relationship is free from commercial conflicts of interest. Accounting for stock options is a long-standing controversy. Under current accounting rules, stock options granted to executives and employees are generally not counted as a cost to the company, unlike other forms of compensation. The post-Enron scandals have sharpened the dispute. The growing disparity between CEO and rank-and-file pay was widely reported during theShow MoreRelatedThe Fall Of Major Telecommunications Company Onetel And Enron1319 Words   |  6 Pages OneTel and Enron were huge technology companies, dominating the competition that they faced although - everything changed. Both of these companies operated in the same era, coincedently both suffering financial collapse. The reasons were mainly because of failure to follow major accounting principles, lacking morals and lacking strong work ethics. If even a major corporation can fall into this â€Å"trap†, then avoiding doesn’t sound easy, although accountants can easily avoid scandals by following aRead More corporate governance Essay947 Words   |  4 Pagesof our economies and their stability.† (www.oecd.org) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What does this all mean and how does it affect the business world today is what may be asked. Criticism of corporate governance is back with a vengeance in the post-Enron era. Is the entire governance system broken down and in need of change, or was it just the wrong actions of a few people that has led to this new case of critisms? Either way it goes, the appearance of the problem in governance points to the factRead MoreExecutive Compensation and the Dramatic Increase in Corporate Accounting Scandals969 Words   |  4 Pagesto $4.4 million in 2005 (Labonte, Shorter, 2008). At Enron executives had incentives to achieve high-revenue growth because their salary increase and cash bonus amount were linked to reported revenues. â€Å"In the proxy statement filed in 1997, Enron wrote that â€Å"base salaries are targeted at the median of competitor group that includes peer group companies†¦and general industry companies similar in size to Enron. Employees had incentives to achieve high revenues and earnings targetsRead MoreFinancial Collapse : The And Enron1320 Words   |  6 PagesOneTel and Enron were huge technology companies, dominating the competition that they faced although - everything changed. Both of these companies operated in the same era, coincedently both suffering financial collapse. The reasons were mainly because of the failure to follow major accounting principles, lacking morals and lacking strong work ethics. If even a major corporation can fall into this â€Å"trap†, then avoiding doesn’t sound easy, although accountants can easily avoid scandals by followingRead MoreAccounting Scandals And The Enron Corporation1721 Words   |  7 Pageshappened in numerous companies. In one major case, the firm filed for bankruptcy, and many of its workers lost their jobs, savings, and investments from stocks. This major epidemic happen at Enron, an energy firm stationed in Hou ston, Texas founded by Kenneth Lay in 1986 (Frontain). On December 2, 2001, the Enron Corporation, an apparently strong and booming business, fell to an all-time low by shocking the world when it filed for bankruptcy protection. Many people were left unemployed and withoutRead MoreThe Quality of Financial Reporting After the Passage of Sarbanes-Oxley a2946 Words   |  12 Pagescannot be clearly implemented. The cost of disclosures can be significantly large and can have a negative impact on companies’ future earnings (small businesses). The purpose of this article is to examine the disclosure establishment of pre and post Enron, the effect of those disclosures on both corporations and on potential investors and to examine whether financial reporting quality improved with the passage of SOX. A total of 360 audited annual financial statements of the 500 fortune companiesRead MoreInternal Auditing : Corporate Fraud, Greed For Power, Money, And Influence1165 Words   |  5 Pageshas vastly changed since the Archer Daniels Midland Company price fixing scandal, the Enron deceit or implementation of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Both of these corporations had two things in common greed and faulty internal auditing accounting practices. In fact, since the time of both scandals Hollywood has made two movies, â€Å"Dick and Jane† played Jim Cary, who was executive that highlighted the debauchery of Enron not mention the second movie â€Å"The Informant† played by Matt Dorman who was top-levelRead MoreIT Corporate Governance Essays1599 Words   |  7 Pageslegal requirements and its fiduciary responsibilities to the company’s owners (J. Chevers, D. Chevers, Munroe, 2013). The passing of SOX was the US government’s response to the way the public views due professional care and financial integrity, post Enron, Global Crossing and other previously ‘blue chip’ companies (Senft, Gallegos, Davis, 2013). Before the passing of SOX, other control frameworks existed, including the Integrated Framework from the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of theRead MoreTechnology Companies Are Quickly Becoming A?1303 Words   |  6 Pagescompany, a company in which I am proudly employed; Unisys has given me a truly extraordinary experience, and an experience I hope to relay here. During the technology boom of the 1970s ? early 2000s many companies were formed, and in the middle of this era in mid 1986 the world would come to see the birth of Unisys. 1986 was the year that two of the largest main-frame companies at the time decided to merge; these companies Burroughs and Sperry, merged thus becoming Unisys. Though the early years provedRead MoreT he Rise and Fall of Enron2970 Words   |  12 PagesThe Leadership of Kenneth Lay 5 Contributing Factors for Enron’s Debacle 7 Power Abuse 7 Fraudulent Accounting Practices 7 Employees and Board members 8 Investors Grief 9 Auditors and external regulatory agency 9 Conclusion 9 The debacle of Enron, led not only the company to bankruptcy but also its employees and shareholders. Unethical leadership and vested interests played a significant role in its imminent failure. Very few had the courage to challenge authority and leave when faced with

Dreams, By Sigmund Freud - 1165 Words

A person’s dreams appear to have a universal language. In ancient societies, people looked at dreaming as some kind of supernatural communication and dreams are fascinating mysteries. To begin the discussion of dreams, it is important to note that dreams are often considered an extension of consciousness. In other words, dreams can be a way the brain organizes and analyzes the day to day events during sleep. Everyone dreams, however, not everyone remembers their dreams. The psychoanalyst, Sigmund Freud, theorized that dreams bury themselves in unconscious emotions and as we sleep our mind releases these emotions in the form of dreams. He also theorized that dreams are ways in which people act out suppressed desires. The Interpretation of†¦show more content†¦This theory was a good method of explaining dreams, but it did not predict behavior. In other words, one cannot prove or refute the validity of Freud’s theory. According to Ciccarelli and White (2015), man y of today’s professionals no longer appreciate Freud’s dream theory (151). Nevertheless, Freud’s legacy lives on as â€Å"The Father of Psychoanalysis† (Robinson 2011) and a pioneer in the study of dreams. Even though, the theory proposed by Freud appears decidedly unscientific. The unconscious mind was important in Freud’s work and the Freudian theory emphasized that the unconscious mind governed behavior. Additionally, to study Freud, one must investigate his theory of manifest content and latent content. While reading Freud, a student learns that the actual content of the dream refers to manifest content. That is to say, the exact subject matter of the dream makes up the manifest content. At the same time, Freud believed that the real meaning of a dream referred to latent content. An individual’s personal interpretations define the latent content in Freud’s theory. Although rarely recognized, Freud’s career was first and foremost a practitioner Moran 2010). As a psychotherapist Freud believed that dreams come from deep in the unconscious mind. Perhaps even from things suppressed since childhood. The study of dreams helped Freud understand the process of psychoanalyzing people and he believed dreams were aShow MoreRelatedDreams, By Sigmund Freud1086 Words   |  5 PagesDreams appear to have a universal language. In ancient societies, dreaming was viewed as some kind of supernatural communication. Dreams are fascinating mysteries. To begin the discussion of dreams it is important to make the statement that dreams can be considered an extension of consciousness. In other words, dreams can be a way the brain organizes and analyzes the day to day events during sleep. Every one dreams however, not everyone remembers their dreams. Freud believed that our dreams areRead MoreDreams, By Sigmund Freud1513 Words   |  7 Pages Dreams can often be mysterious and quite questionable at times. It can leave us wondering what a particular dream means to the dreamer, and we can argue about what causes dreams in the first place. Science can explain how dreams are related to brain functioning, but only a psychological understanding of the unconscious can explain why a dream happens at a particular time of your life and what it means psychologically. So what exactly are dreams? Strictly speaking, dreams are a series of thoughtsRead MoreThe Dreams By Sigmund Freud989 Words   |  4 Pagescomponents of a dream. The dreaming process is very complicated and is still, even today, difficult to understand. One leading contributor to the comprehension of our dreams was Sigmund Freud. He believed there were four aspects to the interpretation of dreams and they are manifest content, latent-dream thoughts, wish-fulfillment, and dream work. The manifest content can be defined as the pre-interpretation of the dream. It’s what you actually see in the dream. The latent-dream thought is what’sRead MoreThe Interpretation Of Dreams By Sigmund Freud1344 Words   |  6 PagesSome dream big, some dream small, and sadly some dream not at all The Interpretation of Dreams was published by Sigmund Freud in the year 1900 as a thought provoking compilation of ideas surrounding the cognitive processes of dreaming. Although this book has been translated and edited since its original publishing date, it reads as if to hold true to Freudian fashion; addressing levels of consciousness and their effects on how specific dreams are formed. Freud makes a clear and reverent effortRead MoreThe Interpretation Of Dreams By Sigmund Freud1790 Words   |  8 PagesSigmund Freud is thought to be the founder of psychoanalysis and he embarked on conducting a study to analyse and interpret dreams as a means of determining their relation to the human psyche. Starting off his career as a neurologist he was already very familiar with the brain and it’s inner workings. However his study was specifically conducted to explore the more celestial attributes of the mind and apply scientific theory and neurological practice. Freud said that, The interpretation of dreamsRead MoreSigmund Freud s The Interpretation Of Dreams Essay1383 Words   |  6 Pagespsychoanalysis’, Sigmund Freud, is perhaps known for his theories involving the human brain. During the late 1800s, his therapeutic techniques dealing with psychopathology made him quite influential within and throughout the sphere of psychology and his work has had a tremendous impact on modern culture and common opinion. Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams, first published in 1899, takes into account dream interpretation and theories involving the human brain, why humans dream and what they couldRead MoreThe Interpretation Of Dreams : Sigmund Schlomo Freud988 Words   |  4 PagesSigmund Schlomo Freud was a thinker who helped us understand why our lives and relationships are full of so much confusion and pain. He told us why life is hard and how to cope. His own life incurred a lot of anxieties. Freud was born to a middle class Jewish family in 1856. His p rofessional life was not an immediate success. As a medical student he dissected hundreds of eels in an un-successful attempt to locate their reproductive organs. He promoted cocaine as a medical drug, but it turned outRead MoreDream Interpretation of Sigmund Freud Essay848 Words   |  4 Pagesleast one dream in their lifetime. Most people don’t think much about the dreams they have, unless they are recurring. Most people today wake up from a dream or nightmare saying, â€Å"thank heaven that was a dream,† or â€Å"too bad that was just a dream.† Many times these dreams or nightmares have more meaning than we think. After a friend told me about some weird dreams he had been having I decided to research the meaning of dreams. I will focus on Sigmund Freud’s idea that understanding our dreams can helpRead MoreFreudian Interpretations Of Dreams By Sigmund Freud1663 Words   |  7 PagesKafka’s â€Å"A Dream† tale. Which the famous philosopher, Freud, would interpret symbols for different reasonings behind a dream. In the book, Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud, he provides an in depth explanation on his beliefs behind the meaning of each occurring dream that we experience. Freud has tons of concepts that he claims for the reasonings behind each dream that have. Whether if we experience a nightmare or just a normal dream. The concepts in Interpretation of Dreams that are primarilyRead MoreEssay Sigmund Freud as a Dream Analyst2025 Words   |  9 PagesSigmund Freud as a Dream Analyst You step out of your car onto this amazing white sand beach. You walk toward the water and notice all of these beautiful women coming toward you and saying your name. As you start to lay the charm down you notice that one of them is chewing on your leg. Then all of a sudden all of them are taking huge bites out of you and ripping you apart. You try to escape but you seem to be unable to do anything in your defense. AAAAHHHHHH!!!!!!!!!!!! All of a sudden

Assessing strategies to combat neighbourhood disputes (Anti-social behaviour) Free Essays

Assessing strategies to combat neighbourhood disputes (Anti-social behaviour) in deprived council estate areas: A case study on the Isle of Dogs, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. Project Issue: The Crime and Disorder Act, 1998, defines anti-social behaviour as behaving: â€Å"In a manner that caused or was likely to cause harassment, alarm or distress to one or more persons not of the same household as (the defendant).† (Home Office (a) 2003) As this definition covers a wide range of crimes from prostitution, to having excessively high hedges1, I have decided to specifically focus on neighbour disputes such as noise pollution, violent occurrences, and inconsiderate rubbish dumping and similar neighbour to neighbour disputes. We will write a custom essay sample on Assessing strategies to combat neighbourhood disputes (Anti-social behaviour) or any similar topic only for you Order Now The central issue of the dissertation will be firstly, the evaluation of how well four researched strategies used to combat anti-social behaviour, all used in four case studies, actually combat and prevent anti-social neighbour disputes. Secondly, how well those strategies would be placed to deal with neighbour disputes in the Isle of Dogs. Each strategy that has been researched has a relevant case study that illustrates precisely how that strategy works when deployed in practice. Each strategy will be assessed in light of the relevant case study. Case studies have been used concerning anti-social neighbour disputes from the Isle of Dogs (East London), Blackburn, Manchester, and Scotland. The questions that this dissertation will be seeking to find out are: * What are the most prominent and researched strategies that have been analysed, evaluated, and used by academics and practitioners? * How useful are each of these strategies, and what are their strength’s and what are their weaknesses? * To what extent, can each of these strategies be successfully applied to neighbour disputes within the Isle of Dogs, with its own unique situation e.g. diverse ethnic population, and extreme poverty on the doorstep to a wealthy area (Canary Wharf)? * How high is the level of anti social behaviour within the borough, relative to other London boroughs? * What is so different or peculiar about the Isle of Dogs? I will locate this central issue within the wider context of the causes of anti-social behaviour, and take into consideration the various dimensions of neighbour disputes. For example I will also consider the age and racial dimensions (Lucey Reay 1999), and the gender dimensions (Nixon Hunter, 1999), of anti social behaviour and in particular, neighbour disputes. METHOD Summary of the academic research required: The aim of this project is to research, analyse, and evaluate the various arguments and strategies concerning the best method to combat anti-social behaviour with regards to neighbour disputes. There are three main strategies or approaches to combat (anti-social) neighbour disputes that my research has discovered: 1. Improving exclusion from certain areas (as advocated by the government). This would include laws making it easier for social landlords to exclude or kick out tenants from social housing at little notice. It could also include restriction orders whereby the accused is not allowed to come within a certain distance of the property or use certain language in the presence, or audio range, of their neighbours as shown in one of the case studies I have researched (Home Office, 2003)2. It could also come in the form of issuing curfew orders3. 2. The second possible response is the ‘Dundee Families project model (Hunter, 2003). This is similar to the 1970’s method of rehabilitation through intensive social work and constant nurturing of offenders, as well as the nurturing of community stakeholders. 3. The third approach is one of the Webster-Stratton programme as advocated by a senior lecturer at the Institute of Psychiatry Stephen Scott4. This is a parent teaching programme, similar to the rehabilitation method above, but involves working strictly with young children (below 10 years of age) and is based in a secure environment talking kids through a video presentation, and group discussions on how they should diffuse problematic situations when encountered upon. 4. The fourth possible approach is the one advocated by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister: The new deal for Communities (NDC) approach whereby large sums of money, à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½800 million, is given to various neighbourhoods throughout the country for the regeneration of their local community. This could involve building a new park, refurbishing the local community hall, or creating a voluntary organisation aimed at cleaning up graffiti. Through my preliminary research in the form my annotated bibliography, I have discovered that there are widely contrasting views as to the causes of anti-social behaviour, and what strategies work in combating neighbour disputes and those that are a lot more contentious. Each of these strategies will be examined in my dissertation and I plan to analyse and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each of these strategies. For each strategy that I have researched I have also researched a corresponding case study that illustrates precisely how that strategy works in practice. With this in mind, I plan to test each strategy by examining the relevant case study against benchmark factors such as: * How well would this strategy work in the Isle of Dogs? * Who are the main beneficiaries, and who are the main losers? * Is it practical? (e.g. cost effective and workable in today’s political climate) * Does it pay attention to gender ethnic, or cultural, differences? * Does it build relations within the community as opposed to exclude sections of the community? Anti-social behaviour is commonly thought to occur in regions and areas where there is a high density of council houses, high levels of unemployment, and low levels of education opportunities (Home Office (b), 2003). However this assumption can be challenged, and the main aim of my research is to do precisely that, provide a balanced yet provoking argument providing both sides of the argument to this debate. It could be argued that only by spending money in the regeneration (e.g. building new community facilities, installing double glazing windows, giving grants for local businesses etc) will people take pride in their communities and their housing and stop the anti-social behaviour (Home Office (d), 2003). However it could be argued that only by including those that commit anti-social behaviour crimes into society, would there be a decrease in the amount of neighbour disputes [as opposed to excluding them from housing, facilities, benefits etc] (Scott, 2001) (Hunter, 2003). Alternatively it could be argued that only by some form exclusion can there be a settlement to anti-social neighbour disputes (Home Office (a), 2001. Data collection: I plan to research and investigate: (a) Various academics think tanks, and the government’s views on how to combat anti-social behaviour. (b) How these strategies are deployed on the ground by evaluating the case studies that I have selected. (c) Research previous government funded anti-social behaviour projects and organisations, and evaluate these claims against the previously mentioned benchmarks such as: * Practicalities such as cost, manpower, etc * How the people within the community viewed the project * Does it pay attention to gender ethnic, or cultural, differences? * Does it build relations within the community as opposed to exclude sections of the community? My data collection process will rely heavily upon case studies that I have obtained from various academic journals and government reports. Case studies will be taken from the Isle of Dogs in Tower Hamlets (Nixon Hunter, 1999), from Scotland (Scott and Parkey, 1998), from nation-wide studies (Nixon Hunter. 2001), and the British Medical Journal (Scott, 2001), amongst others. I have refined my research sources to be more dependent on case studies and journal articles as opposed to other forms of data collection. This is because this specific dissertation is looking for detailed analyses of projects that have combated anti-social behaviour disputes, as opposed to general information, or the views of certain people. I have also devised a questionnaire that I will put forward to a representative sample of 50 Isle of Dogs residents. The questionnaire will not form a significant part of my research, as I will be relying heavily on the case studies. However the results of the questionnaires will be used to back up, or refute, the arguments that I will be presenting in my dissertation. The questions that I will put forward to interviewees are as follows: Questionnaire. What type of incidents would you describe as anti-social neighbour disputes? How big an issue would you rate anti-social neighbour disputes within the Isle of Dogs on a scale of 1 – 10? (1 being not significant and 10 being an extremely big issue) Do you feel that the Isle of Dogs has an above national average level of anti-social neighbour disputes? What do you think is the best method to prevent neighbour disputes concerning adults? * Punish the parents after several warnings * Punish the parents immediately * Give the children extensive social worker attention * Put the child and parent through a psychologically designed training programme on how to behave. * Or other, or a combination of these. If so please explain†¦ Have you been involved in an anti-social neighbour dispute within the last five years? If yes, then ask? (b) Where you an offender or a ‘recipient’ of the dispute? I will be asking these questions to the interviewee on a one to one basis and will arrange these interviews by visiting the local Bengali cultural community centre, the local high street, the local cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, and visiting the local benefits agency (dole office). In addition to these sources I will also collect data from reliable websites such as: Regeneration and anti-social behaviour organisations * http://www.crimereduction.gov.uk * http://www.socialexclusionunit.gov.uk * http://www.odpm.gov.uk * http://www.london.gov.uk * http://www.lda.gov.uk * http://www.go-london.gov.uk (Government Office for London) * http://www.englishpartnerships.co.uk * http://www.bura.org.uk (British Urban Regeneration Association) * http://www.cabe.org.uk (Commission for Architecture and Built Environment) * http://www.civictrust.org.uk * http://www.coalfields-regen.org.uk (The Coalfields Regeneration Trust) * http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk * http://www.cprregeneration.co.uk * http://www.dta.org.uk/index2.html (Development Trusts Association) * http://www.europa.eu.int * http://www.idea.gov.uk (Improvement and Development Agency) * http://www.renewal.net * http://www.urcs-online.co.uk (Urban Regeneration Companies (URC’s)) * http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/323/7306/194?maxtoshow=HITS=10hits=10RESULTFORMAT=1author1=Stephen+Scottandorexacttitle=andandorexacttitleabs=andandorexactfulltext=andsearchid=1071092635458_16583stored_search=FIRSTINDEX=0sortspec=relevanceresourcetype=1,2,3,4,10 How to cite Assessing strategies to combat neighbourhood disputes (Anti-social behaviour), Papers

Romeo and Juliet A Play about Untimely Death Essay Example For Students

Romeo and Juliet: A Play about Untimely Death   Essay In William Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet, passionate love between the two protagonists is vividly portrayed by the authors masterly handling of language and imagery. Shakespeare also illustrates the tragic end of this fervent love. Although it has often been speculated as to the true cause of their demise, it is on the whole difficult to reach a sole conclusion. Some say it is Fate, whilst others say the main cause of their deaths is due to the ancient grudge between the Capulets and the Montagues. I will reflect on potential causes to the dreadful ending of the lovers, essentially focusing on the involvement of Fate and the belief that Fate determines our lives. We will write a custom essay on Romeo and Juliet: A Play about Untimely Death   specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In the prologue we are given a hint of the intrusive role of Fate and the tragic outcome of the play as the narrator speaks of the couple as being A pair of star-crossed lovers as well as calling their love death-marked. By the term star-crossed it is meant their love is ill fated from the start and the stars reveal this. As we continue we read: Doth with their death bury their parents strife. The death of Romeo and Juliet ultimately ends the feud between the Capulets and the Montagues, a feud that had been going on for quite a while serving as an essential theme of the play. As the plot of the play unravels we learn of Romeos infatuation with Rosaline and how he is advised to forget her. At the Capulet feast Fate intervenes as Romeo feels the somewhat ominous presentiment in his heart, when he says: my mind misgives some consequence yet hanging in the stars (I, IV) Once again Fate is being referred to the stars, and this time it is being described as the intuitive feeling of Romeo which serves as a premonition. Romeos feelings prove to be true as he encounters Juliet for the first time, hopelessely falling in love. Somewhat later foretelling Romeo and Juliets tragic end, Romeo says: By some vile forfeit of untimely death (I, IV). This phrase is a good example which illustrates the genius of Shakespeare and the richness of his language. It illustrates how Romeo and Juliets love sadly comes to an end; it was untimely which means that their demise was both premature and unfortunate. The eloquence and power of the line more than well serves its purpose, name ly to foreshadow future events. The majority of the foreshadowing in the play often comes from lines spoken by the protagonists themselves. It is often a dream, a premonition or simply a feeling of uneasiness, similar to the foreboding feeling Romeo experienced before encountering Juliet as earlier pointed out. Another one of these feelings are present in the plays second act just moments before Romeo and Juliet are to be married. Romeo longs to marry Juliet and together with Friar Lawrence they await her arrival, but Romeos words have an ominous tone as they discuss the imminent marriage. Romeo feels that he can tackle any sorrow after having spent some time with Juliet, even going as far as saying: Then love-devouring Death do what he dare, It is enough I may but call her mine (II, VI) The personification of Death as being love-devouring is very expressive and typical of Shakespeare. It is also a very dark approach of unfolding the sinister forces responsible for the death of the lovers. Apart from being an apparent revelation of future events, Romeos lines further imply that he is of a defying nature, meaning he intends to defy and challenge Fate, a point that I will further develop below. After their wedding night in the third act, Romeo and Juliet bid each other farewell by reason of his banishment from Verona. Romeo leaves Verona into exile and inevitability as Tybalt lies slain. There is no turning back and Juliet realises this. Before Romeos departure she speaks: Methinks I see thee now, thou art so low, As one dead in the bottom of a tomb (III, V) Here, Juliet has a vision which reveals much of the impending events. She compares the way she sees Romeo to someone lying dead in a tomb. Ironically this represents what will eventually happen and one could also interpret this as a faint trial to change the future and defy what Fate has in store for the lovers. .u915aa7425a4df12244c33cd49806eb06 , .u915aa7425a4df12244c33cd49806eb06 .postImageUrl , .u915aa7425a4df12244c33cd49806eb06 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u915aa7425a4df12244c33cd49806eb06 , .u915aa7425a4df12244c33cd49806eb06:hover , .u915aa7425a4df12244c33cd49806eb06:visited , .u915aa7425a4df12244c33cd49806eb06:active { border:0!important; } .u915aa7425a4df12244c33cd49806eb06 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u915aa7425a4df12244c33cd49806eb06 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u915aa7425a4df12244c33cd49806eb06:active , .u915aa7425a4df12244c33cd49806eb06:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u915aa7425a4df12244c33cd49806eb06 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u915aa7425a4df12244c33cd49806eb06 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u915aa7425a4df12244c33cd49806eb06 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u915aa7425a4df12244c33cd49806eb06 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u915aa7425a4df12244c33cd49806eb06:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u915aa7425a4df12244c33cd49806eb06 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u915aa7425a4df12244c33cd49806eb06 .u915aa7425a4df12244c33cd49806eb06-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u915aa7425a4df12244c33cd49806eb06:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reason, perception, emotion and language are all ways of knowing EssayRomeo and Juliet often struggle to break free from the chains of Fate in the play, a struggle that ultimately fails. The first time any of the protagonists try to challenge Fate is right after the death of Mercutio. Realising what has happened to Mercutio and before engaging in battle with Tybalt, Romeo says: This days black fate on moe days doth depend, This but begins the woe others must end (III, I) Romeo fears that the evil outcome of Mercutios death lie in the future, a future lying in the hands of another man. Therefore Romeo tries to shape his own future by defying Fate and avenging Mercutio. Blin ded by his fury he slays Tybalt, and it is but afterwards that Romeo understands the consequences of his actions. In this great turningpoint of the drama Romeo cries out in despair: O, I am Fortunes fool, he realises the chains of Fate cannot be shattered. Perhaps the most obvious example of Romeos defying character is found in the fifth act. When Romeo is notified regarding Juliets death, when he attempts to challenge Fate one last time by killing himself to be with his love in the after-life. He cries: Then I defy you, stars! (V, I) In conclusion, in my opinion, the tragic end of the lovers is caused by the vile and sinister Fate. Although the protagonists make various attempts to shatter the chains of Fate, they are all in vain for their love is condemned and star-crossed from the very beginning.